What action does the nurse take to test cranial nerve XI?

To test cranial nerve XI, which is also known as the accessory nerve, the appropriate action is to ask the client to shrug their shoulders against resistance. This nerve primarily innervates the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles, which are involved in head rotation and shoulder elevation. By applying resistance to the shoulder shrug, the nurse can assess the strength and functionality of these muscles, thereby providing a direct evaluation of the accessory nerve's integrity.

The other options do not specifically assess cranial nerve XI. Closing the eyes tests other cranial nerves related to vision and sensory function. Sticking out the tongue checks cranial nerve XII, which controls tongue movement. Monitoring speaking ability may relate to several cranial nerves but is not a direct test for cranial nerve XI. Understanding the specific functions of cranial nerves is crucial in clinical assessments, making the action of shoulder shrugging against resistance the correct choice for evaluating cranial nerve XI.